Researchers improve fire safety of 3D printed materials
The Oklahoma State University research investigates the complexities of heat and mass transfer during the ignition and combustion of 3D printed biopolymer nanocomposites
According to Oklahoma State University, a research project out of the College of Engineering, Architecture, and Technology is investigating the complexities of heat and mass transfer during the ignition and combustion of biopolymer nanocomposites in 3D printing. Dr. Ryan Shen, assistant professor for Fire Protection and Safety Engineering Technology, aims to make these materials safer and more sustainable.
Shen’s research has three main objectives: understanding how 3D printed objects with different structures burn, developing better materials for 3D printing, and improving fire safety in real-world scenarios.
In 3D printing, objects are built layer by layer resulting in tiny gaps and patterns within the object – affecting how heat and fire move through the material. Shen and his team are studying these structural differences to see what impact they have on how quickly the materials catch fire and burn, especially in comparison to traditionally manufactured objects.
“We’re working on developing special plastic materials (called nanocomposites) for 3D printing that are less likely to catch fire and burn intensively,” said Shen. “To do this, we’ll mix very tiny particles with the plastic used in 3D printing to make it safer and more durable.”
Shen notes that they will test the new materials under controlled fire conditions to see how they behave when exposed to heat. The findings will guide them in making 3D printed products safer for everyday use.
For example, in the automotive industry, 3D printing is used to manufacture customized, lightweight components. These components can pose a serious fire risk in the event of an engine fire, electrical fault, or thermal stress. By integrating flame-retardant nanoparticles into biopolymer materials, Shen’s research could create safer 3D printed components – significantly reducing fire hazards and enhancing passenger safety while minimizing potential damage to cars.
Along with Shen’s expertise that he gained from his bachelor’s degrees in FPSET from OSU, a master’s in chemical engineering from OSU, a Ph.D. from Texas A&M University, and his professional experience, he also has a passion for the effects this research can have. “My work has always been driven by the belief that engineering solutions can have a direct and meaningful impact on public safety and environmental sustainability,” said Shen. “Safer 3D printed materials can prevent fires, save lives, and reduce environmental and economic losses.”
The potential benefits of this research extend far beyond the laboratory. It reinforces Oklahoma State University’s FPST program’s legacy as North America’s oldest fire/safety-related program – boosting its reputation in fire protection engineering research. Additionally, with Oklahoma becoming an emerging hub for biopolymer production, the local industry would reap the rewards of having safer, more reliable materials available for 3D printing technology.
The findings from this research can be directly integrated into several FPSET courses, enriching the curriculum with cutting-edge insights into risk control engineering and industrial hygiene.
“By integrating this research into the classroom, students will gain practical knowledge, critical thinking skills, and exposure to state-of-the-art fire safety technologies, ensuring they graduate well-equipped to address modern fire safety challenges in both academic and professional settings,” said Shen.
