NTU Singapore develops 3D printed fabric that stiffens on demand
The 'RoboFabric' is suitable for medical devices and soft robotics, such as drone limbs
Scientists at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore), have developed an innovative fabric called RoboFabric. This wearable fabric is flexible but can stiffen on demand – making it suitable for medical devices and soft robotics, such as drone limbs. The NTU Singapore team created an elbow support from RoboFabric, aiding in heavier load carrying, and a wrist support prototype to stabilize joints, benefiting patients with Parkinson’s Disease who experience trembling.
Inspired by pangolin and armadillo scales, the fabric is designed using a mathematical algorithm to create an interlocking system of tiles. These 3D printed tiles are connected by metal fibers or an external soft case, which requires constant negative air pressure. When the fibers contract, the tiles interlock and stiffen, increasing the rigidity of RoboFabric over 350 times. The research, published in Advanced Materials, shows human muscle activity can be reduced by up to 40% when the device assists joints in lifting loads.
Lead scientist, Nanyang Assistant Professor Wang Yifan, said, “We were inspired by how animals often have multiple functionalities for their limbs through the use of intricate structures, much like the shape-morphing and stiffness-variation in octopuses.” He envisions future patients using customizable, flexible limb supports instead of conventional rigid casts. These supports would be easy to apply or remove at the touch of a button and assist the elderly with daily tasks by reducing muscle strength needed for heavier loads.
The customization process involves uploading a 3D scan of a wrist or elbow to proprietary software, which uses a special algorithm to design geometric tiles for 3D printing. The metal fibers are threaded through holes between the tiles and connected to an electric device to tighten or loosen the cables. Although currently done by hand, this threading process could be automated in the future.
Adjunct Associate Professor Loh Yong Joo of Tan Tock Seng Hospital commented on the technology’s potential in rehabilitation medicine, saying it could support joint injuries and help individuals with upper limb motor weakness or movement disorders like Parkinson’s disease.
Prof Wang’s team demonstrated a small robot made of wave-shaped tiles that can climb or swim and protect fragile assets. The technology could enhance exploration and rescue robots, providing on-demand protection and functionality. The team is seeking industry partners for deployment trials in healthcare and robotics, supported by grants from Singapore’s Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR).
